Sentence can be classified into five categories according to the meaning or functions. অর্থ অনুসারে Sentence কে পাঁচ ভাগে ভাগ করা হয়ে থাকে ঃ
Types of Sentences
They are:-
A. Assertive Sentence (বিবৃতিমূলক বাক্য)-- বর্ণনা বুঝায় ।
B. Interrogative Sentence (প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্য)--প্রশ্নসূচিত করে ।
C. Imperative Sentence (আদেশ মূলক বাক্য)-- আদেশ, উপদেশ, অনুরোধ বুঝায় ।
D. Optative Sentence ( কামনাবোধক বাক্য) --প্রার্থনা বা কামনা বুঝায় ।
E. Exclamatory Sentence (বিস্ময় বোধক বাক্য)--আকস্মিক আবেগ যেমন আনন্দ, বেদনা ইত্যাদি বুঝায় ।
ELABORATE DISCUSSION ( বিস্তারিত আলোচনা )
A. Assertive Sentence:
An assertive sentence is a sentence which simply asserts something. (কোনো সাধারণ বিবৃতি বা বক্তব্যকে Assertive Sentence (বিবৃতিমূলক বাক্য) বলে । )
Pattern/ গঠন : Subject + verb + object/complement/adverb/adjective
Example:
-English is an International Language. (Affirmative)
-We do not do bad things. (Negative)
-Everybody should know English. (Modal auxiliaries)
Assertive Sentence আবার দুই প্রকার
যেমন:-
1. Affirmative Sentence ( হাঁ-বোধক )
An affirmative sentence is an assertive sentence which affirms something.
Example :
I do it. ( আমি এটি করি । )
He is an honest man. ( সে একজন সৎ মানুষ )
The earth is round. ( পৃথিবী গোলাকার )
Tamim goes to school. ( তামিত স্কুলে যায় । )
Taskin eats rice. ( তাসকিন ভাত খাই )
2. Negative Sentence ( না-বোধক )
A negative sentence is an assertive sentence that denies something. (যে Assertive Sentence -এ কোন কিছু অস্বীকার করা হয় তাকে Negative Sentence বলে । )
Example :
1. He is not good. ( সে ভালো না । )
2. He does not speak the truth. ( সে সত্য কথা বলে না । )
3. I have no money. ( আমার টাকা নাই ।
"
Interrogative Sentence
An interrogative sentence asks question about a person or thing(s). It always ends with a note of interrogation question mark (?). যে দ্বারা একটি প্রশ্ন বুঝায় তাকে interrogative sentence বলে ।
There are two ways to form an interrogative sentence.
I. In the beginning with helping verbs (am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had) or modal auxiliaries (shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, etc.) ইত্যাদি verb গুলো auxiliary verb হিসাবে থাকলে তাকে interrogative করতে হলে verb ঐ গুলোকে subject এর আগে বসাতে হয় ।
Structure : Helping/auxiliary verb + Subject + Main Verb + object + ?
He can do this work. ( Assertive)
Can he do this work ? ( interrogative)
They may help us today. ( Assertive)
May they help us today ? ( interrogative)
You should study hard. ( Assertive)
Should you study hard ? ( interrogative)
We were helpless one day. ( Assertive)
Were we helpless one day ? ( interrogative)
They have taught English. ( Assertive)
Have they taught English ? ( interrogative)
Tense অনুযায়ী Assertive কে Negative করিবার নিয়ম
Structure : Tense অনুযায়ী helping verb + Subject + present form of the main verb + Object + ?
1. I teach English.
Do I teach English ?
2. Rohima reads the Quran.
Does Rohima read the Quran ?
3. They walked in the morning.
Did they walk in the morning ?
Make 'WH' Question
II. In the beginning with some specific words like who, which, what, when, where, why, how, whom, how much, how many, etc. [These are known as ‘WH’ questions.
Example:
How is your business going on today ?
Who fixed the computer yesterday ?
Whom did you support for ever life ?
What are you expecting from us ?
What time is it now?
How many people have lived there?
Imperative Sentence
A sentence that expresses a request, command, order, advice, suggestion, etc. is an imperative sentence.
In an imperative sentence, the subject is usually unexpressed; it is understood rather.
Pattern: Subject (Invisible) + verb + object / where
Example:
- Take care of you.
- Give me the pen.
- Do it now.
- Be honest.
- Come here
- Never tell a lie
- Do not laugh at other's helplessness.
- Let him go there.
Optative sentence
যে sentence এ মনের ইচ্ছা বা প্রার্থনা প্রকাশ পায় তাকে Optative sentence বলে ।
Structure-গঠন ; May+subject+verb+extension.
Example :
1. May you prosper in live. ( তুমি জীবনে বড় হও ।
2. May Allah help you. আল্লাহ তোমাকে সাহায্য করুক ।
3. May you be great. তুমি বড় হও ।
4. May you live long. তুমি দীর্ঘ জীবি হও ।
5. May you be happy. তুমি সুখি হও ।
Exclamatory Sentence
যে sentence এ মনের আকস্মিক অনুভূতি প্রকাশ পায় তাকে তাকে Optative sentence বলে ।
Structure-গঠন: what a/an বা how+adjective+sub.+verb+extension + !
1.What a nice bird it is !
2. How a beautiful girl you are !
3. How good you are ?
Alas/Hurrah এর ক্ষেত্রে:
Structure-গঠন: Alas/Hurrah+!+sub.+verb+extension.
Alas ! I am undone !
Alas ! I am helpless !
If/had এর ক্ষেত্রে :
Structure-গঠন: If/had+subject+verb+extension+!
If I were a king !
If you were an honest man !
If she were my sister !
Types of Sentences
They are:-
A. Assertive Sentence (বিবৃতিমূলক বাক্য)-- বর্ণনা বুঝায় ।
B. Interrogative Sentence (প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্য)--প্রশ্নসূচিত করে ।
C. Imperative Sentence (আদেশ মূলক বাক্য)-- আদেশ, উপদেশ, অনুরোধ বুঝায় ।
D. Optative Sentence ( কামনাবোধক বাক্য) --প্রার্থনা বা কামনা বুঝায় ।
E. Exclamatory Sentence (বিস্ময় বোধক বাক্য)--আকস্মিক আবেগ যেমন আনন্দ, বেদনা ইত্যাদি বুঝায় ।
ELABORATE DISCUSSION ( বিস্তারিত আলোচনা )
A. Assertive Sentence:
An assertive sentence is a sentence which simply asserts something. (কোনো সাধারণ বিবৃতি বা বক্তব্যকে Assertive Sentence (বিবৃতিমূলক বাক্য) বলে । )
Pattern/ গঠন : Subject + verb + object/complement/adverb/adjective
Example:
-English is an International Language. (Affirmative)
-We do not do bad things. (Negative)
-Everybody should know English. (Modal auxiliaries)
Assertive Sentence আবার দুই প্রকার
যেমন:-
1. Affirmative Sentence ( হাঁ-বোধক )
An affirmative sentence is an assertive sentence which affirms something.
Example :
I do it. ( আমি এটি করি । )
He is an honest man. ( সে একজন সৎ মানুষ )
The earth is round. ( পৃথিবী গোলাকার )
Tamim goes to school. ( তামিত স্কুলে যায় । )
Taskin eats rice. ( তাসকিন ভাত খাই )
2. Negative Sentence ( না-বোধক )
A negative sentence is an assertive sentence that denies something. (যে Assertive Sentence -এ কোন কিছু অস্বীকার করা হয় তাকে Negative Sentence বলে । )
Example :
1. He is not good. ( সে ভালো না । )
2. He does not speak the truth. ( সে সত্য কথা বলে না । )
3. I have no money. ( আমার টাকা নাই ।
"
Interrogative Sentence
An interrogative sentence asks question about a person or thing(s). It always ends with a note of interrogation question mark (?). যে দ্বারা একটি প্রশ্ন বুঝায় তাকে interrogative sentence বলে ।
There are two ways to form an interrogative sentence.
I. In the beginning with helping verbs (am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had) or modal auxiliaries (shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, etc.) ইত্যাদি verb গুলো auxiliary verb হিসাবে থাকলে তাকে interrogative করতে হলে verb ঐ গুলোকে subject এর আগে বসাতে হয় ।
Structure : Helping/auxiliary verb + Subject + Main Verb + object + ?
He can do this work. ( Assertive)
Can he do this work ? ( interrogative)
They may help us today. ( Assertive)
May they help us today ? ( interrogative)
You should study hard. ( Assertive)
Should you study hard ? ( interrogative)
We were helpless one day. ( Assertive)
Were we helpless one day ? ( interrogative)
They have taught English. ( Assertive)
Have they taught English ? ( interrogative)
Tense অনুযায়ী Assertive কে Negative করিবার নিয়ম
Structure : Tense অনুযায়ী helping verb + Subject + present form of the main verb + Object + ?
1. I teach English.
Do I teach English ?
2. Rohima reads the Quran.
Does Rohima read the Quran ?
3. They walked in the morning.
Did they walk in the morning ?
Make 'WH' Question
II. In the beginning with some specific words like who, which, what, when, where, why, how, whom, how much, how many, etc. [These are known as ‘WH’ questions.
Example:
How is your business going on today ?
Who fixed the computer yesterday ?
Whom did you support for ever life ?
What are you expecting from us ?
What time is it now?
How many people have lived there?
Imperative Sentence
A sentence that expresses a request, command, order, advice, suggestion, etc. is an imperative sentence.
In an imperative sentence, the subject is usually unexpressed; it is understood rather.
Pattern: Subject (Invisible) + verb + object / where
Example:
- Take care of you.
- Give me the pen.
- Do it now.
- Be honest.
- Come here
- Never tell a lie
- Do not laugh at other's helplessness.
- Let him go there.
Optative sentence
যে sentence এ মনের ইচ্ছা বা প্রার্থনা প্রকাশ পায় তাকে Optative sentence বলে ।
Structure-গঠন ; May+subject+verb+extension.
Example :
1. May you prosper in live. ( তুমি জীবনে বড় হও ।
2. May Allah help you. আল্লাহ তোমাকে সাহায্য করুক ।
3. May you be great. তুমি বড় হও ।
4. May you live long. তুমি দীর্ঘ জীবি হও ।
5. May you be happy. তুমি সুখি হও ।
Exclamatory Sentence
যে sentence এ মনের আকস্মিক অনুভূতি প্রকাশ পায় তাকে তাকে Optative sentence বলে ।
Structure-গঠন: what a/an বা how+adjective+sub.+verb+extension + !
1.What a nice bird it is !
2. How a beautiful girl you are !
3. How good you are ?
Alas/Hurrah এর ক্ষেত্রে:
Structure-গঠন: Alas/Hurrah+!+sub.+verb+extension.
Alas ! I am undone !
Alas ! I am helpless !
If/had এর ক্ষেত্রে :
Structure-গঠন: If/had+subject+verb+extension+!
If I were a king !
If you were an honest man !
If she were my sister !
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